This over 20 years long study was set up to explore the effectiveness of early years education and care (for children aged 3 - 5 yrs old). The project followed the academic and social-behavioural development of over 3,000 children across a 17-year period. The presentation will touch on the need for the research and the enduring impact of high-quality early experiences on future endeavours. It will also consider the qualities needed to be a successful citizen of the 21st Century.